{"id":932,"date":"2024-11-11T16:18:24","date_gmt":"2024-11-11T16:18:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/software.sil.org\/arabicfonts\/?page_id=932"},"modified":"2024-11-11T16:18:24","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T16:18:24","slug":"spanning","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/software.sil.org\/arabicfonts\/spanning\/","title":{"rendered":"Signs Spanning Numbers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Some characters in Arabic script are signs that span (or enclose) numbers, such as U+06DD End of Ayah and U+0605 Number Mark Above:<\/p>\n<p><img class='fullsize' alt='Spanning sign examples' src='https:\/\/software.sil.org\/arabicfonts\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2024\/11\/spanning_signs.png' \/><br \/>\n<em>Spanning sign examples<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Over time these have been variously called:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>prepended concatenation marks<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>subtending marks<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>prefixed format control characters<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For the purposes of this document, we will use the term <em>spanning signs<\/em> (or more simply, <em>signs<\/em>) to refer to these characters and <em>sign glyphs<\/em> for the glyphs within the font that will represent them.<\/p>\n<p>Since digit choice is dependent on regional use, these marks may be used with European digits (U+0030..U+0039), ARABIC-INDIC digits (U+0660..U+0669) or with EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC digits (U+06F0..U+06F9).<\/p>\n<p>From a practical standpoint there isn&#8217;t a need to support an arbitrary-length sequence of digits. For SIL fonts, we have found the maximum number of digits as documented in the following table to be sufficient for most uses.<\/p>\n<p>Examples of how these appear are shown below using varying numbers of digits with <em>hamza<\/em> used as a separator.<\/p>\n<p><!-- Note: The table below includes the U+202D\/U+202C hack so that our generated PDFs display correctly\n(particularly for 0890 ARABIC POUND MARK ABOVE and 0891 ARABIC PIASTRE MARK ABOVE) --><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">Characters<\/th>\n<th align=\"right\">Glyph<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">max # digits<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">0600 ARABIC NUMBER SIGN<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\"><span class='scheherazadenew-R normal'>&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0600;&#x0661;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0600;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0600;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x202c;&#x0621;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">0601 ARABIC SIGN SANAH (year sign)<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\"><span class='scheherazadenew-R normal'>&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0601;&#x0661;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0601;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0601;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0601;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x0664;&#x202c;&#x0621;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">0602 ARABIC FOOTNOTE MARKER<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\"><span class='scheherazadenew-R normal'>&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0602;&#x0661;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0602;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x202c;&#x0621;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">0603 ARABIC SIGN SAFHA<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\"><span class='scheherazadenew-R normal'>&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0603;&#x0661;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0603;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0603;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0603;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x0664;&#x202c;&#x0621;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">0604 ARABIC SIGN SAMVAT<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\"><span class='scheherazadenew-R normal'>&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0604;&#x0661;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0604;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0604;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0604;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x0664;&#x202c;&#x0621;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">0605 ARABIC NUMBER MARK ABOVE<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\"><span class='scheherazadenew-R normal'>&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0605;&#x0661;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0605;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0605;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0605;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x0664;&#x202c;&#x0621;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">0890 ARABIC POUND MARK ABOVE<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\"><span class='scheherazadenew-R normal'>&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0890;&#x0661;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0890;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0890;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0890;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x0664;&#x202c;&#x0621;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">0891 ARABIC PIASTRE MARK ABOVE<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\"><span class='scheherazadenew-R normal'>&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0891;&#x0661;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0891;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0891;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x0891;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x0664;&#x202c;&#x0621;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">06DD ARABIC END OF AYAH<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\"><span class='scheherazadenew-R normal'>&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x06dd;&#x0661;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x06dd;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x06dd;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x202c;&#x0621;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">08E2 ARABIC DISPUTED END OF AYAH<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\"><span class='scheherazadenew-R normal'>&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x08e2;&#x0661;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x08e2;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x202c;&#x0621;&#x202d;&#x08e2;&#x0661;&#x0662;&#x0663;&#x202c;&#x0621;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>For more Unicode information about these characters, see <em>Signs Spanning Numbers<\/em> in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicode.org\/versions\/Unicode16.0.0\/core-spec\/chapter-9\/#G50226\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section 9.2<\/a> and <em>Prepended Concatenation Marks<\/em> in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicode.org\/versions\/Unicode16.0.0\/core-spec\/chapter-23\/#G37908\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section 23.2<\/a> of The Unicode Standard.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some characters in Arabic script are signs that span (or enclose) numbers, such as U+06DD End of Ayah and U+0605 Number Mark Above: Over time these have been variously called: prepended concatenation marks subtending marks prefixed format control characters For the purposes of this document, we will use the term spanning signs (or more simply, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"hide_sidebar":false,"hide_h1":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-932","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/software.sil.org\/arabicfonts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/932","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/software.sil.org\/arabicfonts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/software.sil.org\/arabicfonts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/software.sil.org\/arabicfonts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/software.sil.org\/arabicfonts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=932"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/software.sil.org\/arabicfonts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/932\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":936,"href":"https:\/\/software.sil.org\/arabicfonts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/932\/revisions\/936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/software.sil.org\/arabicfonts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=932"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}